Is it der, die oder das Substrat?
DAS
The correct article in German of Substrat is das. So it is das Substrat! (nominative case)
The word Substrat is neuter, therefore the correct article is das.
Finding the right gender of a noun
German articles are used similarly to the English articles,a and the. However, they are declined differently (change) according to the number, gender and case of their nouns.
In the German language, the gender and therefore article is fixed for each noun.
The most difficult part of learning the German language is the articles (der, die, das) or rather the gender of each noun. The gender of each noun in German has no simple rule. In fact, it can even seem illogical. For example das Mädchen, a young girl is neutral while der Junge, a young boy is male.
It is a good idea to learn the correct article for each new word together - even if it means a lot of work. For example learning "der Hund" (the dog) rather than just Hund by itself. Fortunately, there are some rules about gender in German that make things a little easier. It might be even nicer if these rules didn't have exceptions - but you can't have everything! The best way to learn them is with the App - Der-Die-Das Train! (available for iOS and Android)
German nouns belong either to the gender masculine (male, standard gender) with the definite article der, to the feminine (feminine) with the definite article die, or to the neuter (neuter) with the definite article das.
for masculine: points of the compass, weather (Osten, Monsun, Sturm; however it is: das Gewitter), liquor/spirits (Wodka, Wein, Kognak), minerals, rocks (Marmor, Quarz, Granit, Diamant);
for feminine: ships and airplanes (die Deutschland, die Boeing; however it is: der Airbus), cigarette brands (Camel, Marlboro), many tree and plant species (Eiche, Pappel, Kiefer; aber: der Flieder), numbers (Eins, Million; however it is: das Dutzend), most inland rivers (Elbe, Oder, Donau; aber: der Rhein);
for neutrals: cafes, hotels, cinemas (das Mariott, das Cinemaxx), chemical elements (Helium, Arsen; however it is: der Schwefel, masculine elements have the suffix -stoff), letters, notes, languages and colors (das Orange, das A, das Englische), certain brand names for detergents and cleaning products (Ariel, Persil), continents, countries (die artikellosen: (das alte) Europa; however exceptions include: der Libanon, die Schweiz …).
German declension of Substrat?
How does the declension of Substrat work in the nominative, accusative, dative and genitive cases? Here you can find all forms in the singular as well as in the plural:
| 1 | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | das Substrat | die Substrate |
| Genitive | des Substrates des Substrats | der Substrate |
| Dative | dem Substrat dem Substrate | den Substraten |
| Akkusative | das Substrat | die Substrate |
What is the meaning of Substrat in German?
Substrat has various definitions in German:
[1] Something that serves as a base for something else
[1] etwas, das als Unterlage für etwas anderes dient[2] Biology: breeding ground on which something can be bred
[2] Biologie: Nährboden, auf dem etwas gezüchtet werden kann[3] Linguistics, especially voice contact research: influencing a language with elements of another, inferior/repressed language
[3] Linguistik, speziell Sprachkontaktforschung: Beeinflussung einer Sprache mit Elementen einer anderen, unterlegenen/verdrängten SpracheHow to use Substrat in a sentence?
Example sentences in German using Substrat with translations in English.
[1] „Da »Die unterbrochene Spur« nun aber nicht Spielfilm ist, sondern dokumentarisch in einem rigiden Sinne, verweigert er sich dem Bedürfnis, die einzelnen Fakten, Beobachtungen, auch Anekdoten, umweglos als Glieder einer Argumentation, Interpretation, als Substrat für »geistreiche Formulierungen« zu verwerten (fungieren zu lassen), sondern setzt sich ihrer Konkretheit, Sperrigkeit, Eigentümlichkeit zunächst offen aus, um aus dem Widerstand, den sie einer raschen Interpretation entgegensetzen, seine spezifische Kraft zu entwickeln.“
[1] "Since" the interrupted track "is not a feature film, but documentary in a rigid sense, he refuses to need the need, the individual facts, observations, also anecdotes, unexpectedly as members of an argument, interpretation, as a substrate for" to use witty formulations (to have (let), but initially expose itself to its concrete, bulkyness, peculiarity to develop its specific strength from the resistance that they oppose a rapid interpretation "[1] „Man wird dann fast mit Sicherheit neue Einsichten über die fundamentalen Substrate der Natur gewinnen.“
[1] "You will certainly win new insights over the fundamental substrates of nature"[2] Ein Substrat für die Anzucht von Bakterien ist agar agar.
[2] A substrate for the cultivation of bacteria is Agar Agarä[2] „Ein Schaufellader kippt in regelmäßigen Abständen organisches Substrat in einen Stahlbehälter, es riecht leicht säuerlich, eine Förderschnecke transportiert die Masse in den Fermenter hinauf.“
[2] "A shovel loader tilts the organic substrate into a steel container at regular intervals, it smells slightly sour, a conveyor snail transports the mass up into the fermenter"[3] „Der weiteren können Verschiedenheiten durch Unterschiede von Substraten (Sprachen einheimischer Bevölkerungen bei Einwanderung) und Superstraten (Sprachen zugewanderter Eroberer) entstehen - sowie durch entsprechend starke Fremdeinflüsse.“
[3] "Differences can be created by differences in substrates (languages of local populations in immigration) and superstraves (languages of immigrant conquerors) - as well as by correspondingly strong external influences"[3] „Wenn man für die Entstehung der I. Lautverschiebung (…) die Vermischung jener indogermanischen Gruppen, aus denen später die Germanen entstanden, mit andern nichtindogermanischen Völkern verantwortlich gemacht hat („nichtindogermanisches Substrat“), so sind derartige Deutungsversuche keineswegs allgemein anerkannt worden.“
[3] "If one has blamed with other non -indoger -manic groups for the creation of the Iä sound shift (...) from which the Germanic groups were later created (" non -indoger -manic substrate "), such attempts are by no means well recognized has been. "[3] „Bei der Beantwortung dieser Frage sind zwei Gesichtspunkte zu beachten: 1) daß möglicherweise manchen Kreolsprachen ein Substrat unterliegt - z.B. dem haitianischen ein westafrikanisches - das per definitionem die grammatische Struktur nach den Gesetzen einer anderen Sprache oder Sprachfamilie umstrukturiert,… “
[3] “When answering this question, two points of view must be observed: 1) that some creole languages may be subject to a substrate. of the Haitian a West African - which by definition the grammatical structure is restructured according to the laws of another language or language family ... "How do you pronounce Substrat?
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